Since Malaysia’s independence, history has been taught through rote memorization of chronological narratives and textbooks. This problem persists despite the inclusion of History Curriculum and Assessment Standard Document (DSKP) under the Secondary School Standard Curriculum (KSSM)'s goal of self-awareness and national identity. The students' focus, interest, and achievement in history have declined due to passive, unengaging, and uninspiring teaching methods. As such, this study aims to develop and validate a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) framework for history education in Malaysian schools, integrating the Cartoon Concept and McMaster Model to enhance student engagement. Using a Design and Development Research (DDR) approach, 350 students participated in a three-phase process: needs analysis, framework design and development, and usability evaluation. This approach is ideal for the research context, which emphasizes PBL-based history teaching. This study produced the Cartoon-Based PBL History Framework for Secondary Schools, a practical and comprehensive guide to improve history teaching and learning skills. Based on the Pellegrino and Hilton model, the framework should foster 21st century cognitive, interpersonal, and intrapersonal skills as it promotes critical and intellectual thinking in Malaysian students. The framework should be useful for history educators, training organizations, individuals, and agencies, as well as a model for other fields. This research is useful for the Malaysian Ministry of Education, particularly the Curriculum Development Division (BPK), history educators, students, and organizations supporting innovative teaching practices post COVID-19.

Authors:
Mohd Nazir Md Zabit, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Nur Izzati Mohd Shafri, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
NurulAsyikin Hassan, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Tirzah Zubeidah Zachariah, Universiti Selangor, Malaysia

About the Presenter(s)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazir is a lecturer from the Faculty Of Human Development , Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. Specializes in Pedagogy; Problem-Based Learning; Business Education; Critical Thinking.

See this presentation on the full schedule – Sunday Schedule

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